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1.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 50: e20233429, 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431274

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: in Brazil, trauma is responsible for 40% of deaths in the age group between 5 and 9 years old, and 18% between 1 and 4 years, and bleeding is the leading cause of preventable death in the traumatized child. Conservative management of blunt abdominal trauma with solid organs injury - started in the 60s - is the current world trend, with studies showing survival rates above 90%. The objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of conservative treatment in children with blunt abdominal trauma treated at the Clinical Hospital of the University of Campinas, in the last five years. Methods: retrospective analysis of medical records of patients classified by levels of injury severity, in 27 children. Results: only one child underwent surgery for initial failure of conservative treatment (persistent hemodynamic instability), resulting in a 96% overall success rate of the conservative treatment. Five other children (22%) developed late complications that required elective surgery: a bladder injury, two cases of infected perirenal collections (secondary to injury of renal collecting system), a pancreatic pseudocyst and a splenic cyst. Resolution of the complications was attained in all children, with anatomical and functional preservation of the affected organ. There were no deaths in this series. Conclusion: the conservative initial approach in the treatment of blunt abdominal trauma was effective and safe with high resolution and low rate of complications leading to a high preservation rate of the affected organs. Level of evidence III - prognostic and therapeutic study.


RESUMO Introdução: no Brasil, o trauma é responsável por 40% dos óbitos na faixa etária entre 5 e 9 anos, e 18% entre 1 e 4 anos, e o sangramento é a principal causa de prevenção morte na criança traumatizada. O manejo conservador de trauma abdominal contuso com lesão de órgãos sólidos - iniciado na década de 60 - é a tendência mundial atual, com estudos mostrando taxas de sobrevivência acima de 90%. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia e segurança do tratamento conservador em crianças com trauma abdominal contuso tratado no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de Campinas, nos últimos cinco anos. Métodos: análise retrospectiva de prontuários de pacientes classificados por níveis de gravidade da lesão, em 27 crianças. Resultados: apenas uma criança foi submetida a cirurgia por falha inicial do tratamento conservador (instabilidade hemodinâmica persistente), resultando em uma taxa de sucesso global de 96% do tratamento conservador inicial. Outras cinco crianças (22%) desenvolveram complicações tardias que exigiram cirurgias eletivas: lesão na bexiga, dois casos de coleção perirenal infectada (secundária à lesão de sistema de coleta renal), um pseudocisto pancreático e um cisto esplênico. Resolução da complicação foi atingida em todas as crianças, com preservação anatômica e funcional do órgão afetado. Não houve mortes nesta série. Conclusão: a abordagem inicial conservadora no tratamento de trauma abdominal contundente foi eficaz e segura com alta resolução e baixa taxa de complicações levando a uma alta taxa de preservação dos órgãos afetados. Nível de evidência III - estudo prognóstico e terapêutico.

2.
ABCD (São Paulo, Online) ; 36: e1722, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1429508

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Bishop-Koop ileostomy has been widely used in pediatric patients with the intention of including as much bowel as possible in the intestinal transit early in the management of children with meconium ileus and intestinal atresia. In recent years, we have been using it as an alternative to test the distal bowel function before closure of a previously constructed ostomy in selected children with questionable distal bowel motility. AIMS: The aim of this study was to present our experience with this alternative use of the Bishop-Koop ostomy. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional retrospective review of hospital records, combined with a comprehensive literature review. RESULTS: Seven children were included: five had suspected aganglionosis, one had gastroschisis complicated with ileal atresia, and one had a colonic stricture secondary to necrotizing enterocolitis. In this short series of patients, motility of the distal bowel was correctly assessed in six patients and partially correctly assessed in one patient. One patient did not pass stools per anus after the Bishop-Koop, and he was later confirmed to have Hirschsprung disease. Four patients resumed normal evacuation pattern after closure of the Bishop-Koop. One patient had a Bishop-Koop colostomy because of recurrent enterocolitis after a transanal pull-through. Although he evacuated normally while having the colostomy, the diarrhea recurred after the ostomy was closed. An additional patient, with a severe behavioral problem, did not evacuate per anus after her colostomy was transformed in a Bishop-Koop-type ostomy, despite the apparent presence of normal ganglia in the bowel wall. CONCLUSIONS: Data from the present series allow us to affirm that Bishop-Koop-type ostomy is a safe and efficient procedure that can be used to assess distal bowel function before a definitive transit reconstruction, in children with uncertain motility issues.


RESUMO RACIONAL: A ileostomia Bishop-Koop foi amplamente utilizada em pacientes pediátricos com a intenção de incluir o máximo de intestino possível no trânsito intestinal no manejo inicial de recém-nascidos com íleo meconial e atresia intestinal. Nos últimos anos, temos usado-a como alternativa para testar a função intestinal distal antes do fechamento de uma ostomia, em algumas crianças com motilidade intestinal distal questionável. OBJETIVOS: Apresentar nossa experiência com este uso alternativo da ostomia Bishop-Koop. MÉTODOS: Revisão retrospectiva dos registros hospitalares, combinada com uma revisão abrangente da literatura. RESULTADOS: Sete crianças foram incluídas: cinco tinham suspeita de aganglionose, uma tinha gastrosquise complicada com atresia ileal e uma tinha estenose de colon secundária à NEC. Nesta pequena série de pacientes, a motilidade do intestino distal foi corretamente avaliada em 6 pacientes e parcialmente avaliada em um. Um paciente não evacuou por ânus após o Bishop-Koop e mais tarde foi confirmado que ele tinha doença de Hirschsprung. Seis pacientes retomaram o padrão normal de evacuação após o fechamento do Bishop-Koop. Um paciente que fez uma colostomia Bishop-Koop por causa de enterocolite recorrente após um abaixamento transanal, recidivou a enterocolite após o fechamento definitivo. CONCLUSÕES: A ostomia tipo Bishop-Koop é um procedimento seguro e eficaz que pode ser utilizado para avaliar a função intestinal distal antes de uma reconstrução definitiva do trânsito em crianças com problemas de motilidade intestinal.

3.
Acta paul. enferm ; 28(6): 553-565, dez. 2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-773420

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Construir e validar checklist cirúrgico para segurança do paciente e prevenção de infecção de sítio cirúrgico. Métodos Pesquisa quantitativa realizada para validar instrumento criado e utilizado em cirurgia segura. O instrumento foi validado por sete peritos. Para concordância entre os juízes utilizou-se o coeficiente de concordância de Kendall e para verificar se a opinião dos juízes diferiu significativamente, o teste de Cochran. O instrumento é validado se houver concordância entre os juízes e a clareza for significante. Resultados Na primeira avaliação do instrumento, obteve-se Kendall de 0,230 para pertinência e 0,390 para clareza, o que implicou em reformulação do checklist. Após a reformulação, obteve-se concordância absoluta para pertinência e não houve diferença significativa para clareza. Com o instrumento validado, foi criado um sistema informatizado para inserção dos dados coletados. Conclusão O instrumento criado foi validado e pode auxiliar na segurança do paciente e prevenção de infecção de sítio cirúrgico.


Objective To design and validate a surgical checklist to improve patient safety and prevent surgical site infection. Methods This quantitative study was carried out to validate an instrument created and used for surgical safety. Seven experts validated the instrument. For agreement among experts, was used Kendall’s concordance coefficient; if their opinions differed significantly, the Cochran’s test was adopted. An instrument is validated when concordance among experts is achieved and its clarity is significant. Results In the first assessment of the instrument, Kendall’s concordance coefficients were 0.230 in terms of pertinence and 0.390 for clarity. These results cauded a reformulation in the checklist. After reformulation, an absolute concordance was achieved for pertinence and no significant difference was seen in terms of clarity. After instrument validation, was created an information system to input data collected. Conclusion The instrument was validated. It can help improve patient safety and prevent surgical site infection.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Checklist , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , Operating Room Nursing , Patient Safety , Perioperative Nursing , Evaluation Studies as Topic
4.
Clinics ; 69(8): 505-508, 8/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-718186

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Here, we describe our experience with different therapeutic modalities used to treat cystic lymphangiomas in children in our hospital, including single therapy with OK-432, bleomycin and surgery, and a combination of the three modalities. METHODS: We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study including patients treated from 1998 to 2011. The effects on macrocystic lymphangiomas and adverse reactions were evaluated. Twenty-nine children with cystic lymphangiomas without any previous treatment were included. Under general anesthesia, patients given sclerosing agents underwent puncture of the lesion (guided by ultrasound when necessary) and complete aspiration of the intralesional liquid. The patients were evaluated with ultrasound and clinical examinations for a maximum follow-up time of 4 years. RESULTS: The proportions of patients considered cured after the first therapeutic approach were 44% in the surgery group, 29% in the bleomycin group and 31% in the OK-432 group. These proportions were not significantly different. Sequential treatment increased the rates of curative results to 71%, 74% and 44%, respectively, after the final treatment, which in our case was approximately 1.5 applications per patient. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that most patients with cystic lymphangiomas do not show complete resolution after the initial therapy, regardless of whether the therapy is surgical or involves the use of sclerosing agents. To achieve complete resolution of the lesions, either multiple operations or a combination of surgery and sclerotherapy must be used and should be tailored to the characteristics of each patient. .


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Bleomycin/therapeutic use , Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy , Lymphangioma, Cystic/therapy , Picibanil/therapeutic use , Punctures/methods , Sclerosing Solutions/therapeutic use , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Combined Modality Therapy/methods , Follow-Up Studies , Injections, Intralesional , Remission Induction , Retrospective Studies , Sclerosing Solutions/administration & dosage , Treatment Outcome
5.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 38(4): 448-455, July-Aug. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-649437

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Dilation of urinary tract occurs without the presence of obstruction. Diagnostic methods that depend on renal function may elicit mistaken diagnosis. Whitaker (1973) proposed the evaluation of urinary tract pressure submitted to constant flow. Other investigators proposed perfusion of renal pelvis under controlled pressure, making the method more physiological and reproducible. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the results of the anterograde pressure measurement (APM) of the urinary tract of children with persistent hydronephrosis after surgery suspected to present persistent obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Along 12 years, 26 renal units with persistent hydronephrosis after surgery (12 PUJ and 14 VUJ) were submitted to evaluation of the renal tract pressure in order to decide the form of treatment. Previous radionuclide scans with DTPA, intravenous pyelographies and ultrasounds were considered undetermined in relation to obstruction in 10 occasions and obstructive in 16. APM was performed under radioscopy through renal pelvis puncture or previous stoma. Saline with methylene blue + iodine contrast was infused under constant pressure of 40 cm H2O to fill the urinary system. The ureteral opening pressure was measured following the opening of the system and stabilization of the water column. RESULTS: Among the 10 cases with undetermined previous diagnosis, APM was considered non-obstructive in two and those were treated clinically and eight were considered obstructive and were submitted to surgery. Among the 16 cases previously classified as obstructive, nine confirmed obstruction and were submitted to surgery. Seven cases were considered non-obstructive, and were treated clinically, with stable DMSA and hydronephrosis. CONCLUSIONS: APM avoided unnecessary surgery in one third of the cases and was important to treatment decision in 100%. We believe that this simple test is an excellent diagnostic tool when selectively applied mainly in the presence of functional deficit.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Hydronephrosis/physiopathology , Urethral Obstruction/physiopathology , Urinary Tract/physiopathology , Kidney Pelvis/physiopathology , Postoperative Period , Pressure , Reproducibility of Results , Urodynamics , Urethral Obstruction/diagnosis , Urologic Surgical Procedures/methods
6.
Clinics ; 66(4): 563-566, 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-588904

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Correction of gastroschisis can be accomplished by primary or staged closure. There is, however, no consensus regarding the best approach or criteria to favor one method over the other has been established. OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcome of primary and staged closure in newborns with gastroschisis using intravesical pressure (IVP) as the decision criterion. PATIENTS & METHODS: We prospectively analyzed 45 newborns with gastroschisis. An IVP with a threshold of 20 cm H2O was used to indicate primary or staged closure, and the outcomes between the two methods were compared. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Newborns in whom primary closure was feasible were born at a lower gestational age. There was no significant difference in the frequency of complications, time to begin oral feeding, length of parenteral nutrition or length of hospital stay. Compared with previous reports, our data showed higher rates of prenatal diagnosis and cesarean delivery, a lower average birth weight, a higher rate of small gestational age babies and a more frequent association with intestinal atresia. Conversely, our data showed a lower rate of postoperative necrotizing enterocolitis and a lower average length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: No significant difference was observed in the outcome of newborns who underwent primary closure or staged closure of gastroschisis when using an IVP below 20 cm H2O as the criterion for primary closure.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Abdominal Wound Closure Techniques/adverse effects , Gastroschisis/surgery , Decision Making , Gestational Age , Gastroschisis/diagnosis , Pressure , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Treatment Outcome
7.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 33(2): 116-122, mar.-abr. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-430600

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVAS E OBJETIVOS: A dor sempre foi uma das maiores preocupações do homem, entretanto, apesar dos progressos da ciência, ainda existem várias barreiras ao seu adequado tratamento, incluindo a falta de conhecimento por parte da equipe médica, sobre o mecanismo das diversas drogas e técnicas empregadas. O objetivo deste trabalho é abordar as principais drogas e técnicas empregadas no controle da dor pós-operatória, visando estimular o interesse sobre o assunto bem como aumentar a eficácia do tratamento dado aos pacientes. CONTEUDO: Está ressaltada neste artigo, a importância da adequada analgesia pós-operatória, considerando as principais drogas e técnicas utilizadas no controle da dor, seus mecanismos de ação, posologias, vias de administração e efeitos colaterais, bem como a importância da integração de toda a equipe envolvida nos cuidados do paciente para o sucesso do tratamento. O tratamento inadequado da dor no pós-operatório não se justifica, pois há um arsenal considerável de drogas e técnicas analgésicas. O que se faz necessário, portanto, é que toda equipe, anestesistas, cirurgiões, e enfermeiros tenham conhecimento e estejam integrados na utilização deste arsenal.

8.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 30(5): 382-387, set.-out. 2003. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-513419

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência inicial do Centro Infantil Boldrini com a esplenectomia laparoscópica (EL) em crianças e adultos jovens. Método: Foram revisados os prontuários de 40 pacientes (mediana da idade de 6,6 anos; 1 a 22,8) submetidos à EL entre Julho de 2000 e Maio de 2002. As principais indicações de acordo com a doença de base foram: doença falciforme (DF) em 20 pacientes (50%), esferocitose hereditária em 10(25 %), púrpura trombocitopência idiopática em oito (20 %), doença de Hodgkin em um e anemia hemolíticaa esclarecer em um. Resultados: Trinta e oito esplenectomias foram completadas por via laparoscópica (duas conversões) e em doze foi realizada adicionalmente a colecistectomia. A mediana do tempo operatório foi de 127,5 minutos (90 – 240 min) e sete (17,5 %) baços acessórios foram encontrados. Sangramento intra-operatório foi significativo apenas nas duas conversões, mas não houve necessidade de transfusões. A mediana do peso dos baços foi de 250 g (106 – 1000; n=36). Complicações pós-operatórias ocorreram em sete (17,5 %) pacientes e, nos portadores de DF, 35% desenvolveram síndrome torácica aguda. A mediana da permanência hospitalar pós-operatória foi de dois dias (2 - 14). O seguimento variou de 23 dias a dois anos (mediana de 11 meses). Conclusões: A EL pode ser realizada de modo seguro mesmo em baços de grande tamanho e é opçãoatrativa que pode substituir o procedimento aberto. Em pacientes com DF, a taxa de complicações permanecealta, sugerindo mecanismos outros que vão além da escolha da via de acesso cirúrgica.


Background: Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is becoming the procedure of choice in the treatment of children with hematological disorders. However, concerns remains regarding conversion rates, dissection and extraction of the spleen. The authors analyze their early experience at Boldrini’s Children CancerCenter – Brazil in 40 LS performed in children and young adults. Methods: Retrospective review of the charts of 40 patients (median age of 6.6 years; range 1 to 22.8) who underwent LS, between July/ 2000 and May/ 2002. The main indications were sickle cell disease (SCD) (20 - 50 %), hereditary spherocytosis (10 - 25 %) and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (8 - 20 %). Results: All but two splenectomies were performed exclusively by laparoscopy, and 12 patients also underwent a concomitant cholecystectomy. The mean operating time was 127.5 minutes (90 – 240m). In seven patients (17.5%) accessory spleens were found and removed. Intraoperative bleeding was significant only in the two cases that required conversion to an open procedure, although no transfusion was needed. The median weight of the spleen was 250 g (range 106g – 1000g; n=36). Complications were observed in seven patients (17.5 %) with SCD that developed acute chest syndrome. There were no deaths in this series and the median postoperative stay at the hospital was two days (2 - 14). Follow-up ranged from 23 days to two years. Conclusions: On the basis of our experience, LS is a safe procedure, even to treat large spleens and became an attractive option that might replace the open procedure. In SCD patients, the rate of complications remains high, suggesting mechanisms other than the scope of the choice of surgical approach.

9.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 27(6): 408-412, nov.-dez. 2000. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-508336

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Com a introdução e o aprimoramento de técnicas para a realização de fístulas arteriovenosas(FAV) em crianças, pacientes renais crônicos puderam iniciar tratamento com hemodiálise sem a necessidadede uso de shunts externos. Métodos: Com o objetivo avaliar os resultados da confecção de fístulas arteriovenosasem crianças e adultos jovens de baixo peso e os fatores de risco relacionados. Foram levantados retrospectivamenteos prontuários de 31 pacientes submetidos a 35 FAV, com idade variando de cinco a 24 anos, com pesoentre 16 e 50kg. Os fatores de risco estudados foram hipertensão arterial, antecedentes de trombose, tendência àhipovolemia e presença de hipercolesterolemia. Resultados: O índice de perda observado foi de 25% em pacientes com menos de 20kg e de 22,2% naqueles com mais de 20kg, resultados comparáveis aos da literatura. Conclusões: Observou-se que fístulas proximais não sofreram trombose; não houve relação entre a perda da FAV e os fatores de risco estudados e observou-se um índice de perda tardia de 23,5% nos pacientes que não estavam sendo submetidos à hemodiálise. Nos pacientes que utilizavam a FAV não se observou perda da mesma.


Background: Since the development of operative techniques for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation, chronic hemodialysis for treatment of end-stage renal disease in children and young adults became an actual therapeuticoption, obviating the need for external shunts. Purpose: To report our experience with surgically created AVF in 31 patients, aged 5 to 24 years old, relating long-term fistula patency with risk factors such as arterial hypertension, previous thrombosis events, tendency to hypovolemy, hypercholesterolemy, vein caliber and routine use of the fistula. Results: Overall rate of fistula thrombosis was 22,8%, being 25% in patients weighing less than 20kg and 22,2% in those over 20kg. All fistulas performed on proximal arm veins were patent after 5 to 32 months follow-up. Unused AV fistulas apparently had an increased risk of thrombosis when compared to fistulas routinelly used for hemodialysis access. None of the remainy risk factors studied showed estatistical association withloss of patency. Conclusion: AV fistulas can be safely performed in children with success rate comparable to those observed in older patients. Vein caliber and routine use of the fistula appears to have a strong influence on long term patency.

10.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 27(3): 193-196, maio-jun./2000. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-313629

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar os métodos utilizados para o tratamento das complicações relacionadas ao cateter de diálise peritoneal, avaliando-se o uso das vias aberta e laparoscópica. Vinte pacientes apresentaram 35 complicações relacionadas ao cateter de diálise (obstrução 60 por cento, peritonite 34,3 por cento e infecção do trajeto 5,7 por cento) e foram tratados cirurgicamente. Para o tratamento das complicações, foram realizados 22 procedimentos por via aberta (laparotomia) e 13 por via laparoscópica. Através do método laparoscópico, foi possível desobstruir e manter o cateter em 80 por cento dos cateteres obstruídos, ao passo que 100 por cento foram trocados ou retirados quando a via aberta foi utilizada. O tempo necessário para reutilização completa do mesmo após o procedimento foi maior pelo método aberto. Os dados apresentados sugerem que a laparoscopia é um método eficaz como opção terapêutica para o tratamento das complicações relacionadas ao cateter de diálise peritoneal, pela visualização direta da cavidade peritoneal e possibilidade de reposicionamento ou desobstrução do mesmo, não sendo portanto necessária a sua troca e diminuindo também o tempo necessário para reutilização completa do cateter


Subject(s)
Catheters, Indwelling/adverse effects , Laparoscopy , Peritoneal Dialysis
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